| Title: | Geosciences Reference Datasets |
|---|---|
| Description: | Reference datasets commonly used in the geosciences. These include standard atomic weights of the elements, a periodic table, a list of minerals including their abbreviations and chemistry, geochemical data of reservoirs (primitive and depleted mantle, continental crust, mantle, basalts, etc.), decay constants and isotopic ratios frequently used in geochronology, color codes of the chronostratigraphic chart. In addition, the package provides functions for basic queries of atomic weights, the list of minerals, and chronostratigraphic chart colors. All datasets are fully referenced, and a BibTeX file containing the references is included. |
| Authors: | Gerald Schuberth [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Gerald Schuberth <[email protected]> |
| License: | MIT + file LICENSE |
| Version: | 0.7.2.9001 |
| Built: | 2026-05-13 09:40:08 UTC |
| Source: | https://github.com/abuseki/georefdatar |
A data set containing the composition of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) as given and defined by Gale et al. (2013)
ALL_MORB__GALE__2013ALL_MORB__GALE__2013
A data frame with 1 row and 70 element concentrations:
MgO, SiO2, FeO, CaO, Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, MnO, Ba, Be, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Li, Lu, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, Sr87_Sr86, Nd143_Nd144, Pb206_Pb204, Pb207_Pb204, Pb208_Pb204, Hf176_Hf177, Sm_Nd, Zr_Hf, Ba_Th, Nb_U, Ce_Pb, Nb_Ta, Th_U, Ba_Rb, Ba_Cs, Rb_Cs, K_U, Y_Ho, Zr_Sm, Hf_Nd, Y_Yb
This data contains he composition of MORB defined as ALL MORB which is ”the total composition of the crust apart from back-arc basins”.
Gale A, Dalton CA, Langmuir CH, Su Y, Schilling J (2013). “The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(3), 489–518. doi:10.1029/2012GC004334.
Get the atomic weight of an element
aw(sym, dataSource = "IUPAC")aw(sym, dataSource = "IUPAC")
sym |
symbol of the element as a string |
dataSource |
the data source for the atomic weight, either |
Atomic weight of element with the given symbol
IUPAC_StdAW for the table of standard atomic weights by IUPAC and pte for a full periodic table of elements
aw('H') aw('H')*2+aw('O') aw('Li', dataSource= "pubchem")aw('H') aw('H')*2+aw('O') aw('Li', dataSource= "pubchem")
A data set containing the composition of back-arc basin basalts as given by Gale et al. (2013)
BAB__GALE__2013BAB__GALE__2013
A data frame with 1 row and 70 element concentrations:
MgO, SiO2, FeO, CaO, Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, MnO, Ba, Be, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Li, Lu, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, Sr87_Sr86, Nd143_Nd144, Pb206_Pb204, Pb207_Pb204, Pb208_Pb204, Hf176_Hf177, Sm_Nd, Zr_Hf, Ba_Th, Nb_U, Ce_Pb, Nb_Ta, Th_U, Ba_Rb, Ba_Cs, Rb_Cs, K_U, Y_Ho, Zr_Sm, Hf_Nd, Y_Yb
In the article the concentrations ...
Gale A, Dalton CA, Langmuir CH, Su Y, Schilling J (2013). “The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(3), 489–518. doi:10.1029/2012GC004334.
A data set containing the composition of the Bulk Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).
CC_Bulk__Rudnick_Gao__2014CC_Bulk__Rudnick_Gao__2014
A data frame with 1 row and 84 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, N, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production
In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given
in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or
ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted
to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other
elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6. Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.
A data set containing the composition of the Bulk Continental Crust as given by Taylor and McLennan (1995)
CC_Bulk__Taylor_McLennan__1995CC_Bulk__Taylor_McLennan__1995
A data frame with 1 row and 63 element concentrations in ppm. These elements are:
Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U
In this work the concentrations of most elements are given in ppm and
some concentrations are given in wt% or ppb.
For the sake of unity the values given in either wt% or ppb where converted
to ppm. So all listed values are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:
ppm= wt% * 10000
ppm= ppb / 1000
Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995). “The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.” Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265. doi:10.1029/95rg00262.
A data set containing the composition of the Lower Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).
CC_Lower__Rudnick_Gao__2014CC_Lower__Rudnick_Gao__2014
A data frame with 1 row and 84 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, N, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production
In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given
in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or
ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted
to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other
elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6. Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.
A data set containing the composition of the Lower Continental Crust as given by Taylor and McLennan (1995)
CC_Lower__Taylor_McLennan__1995CC_Lower__Taylor_McLennan__1995
A data frame with 1 row and 63 element concentrations in ppm. These elements are:
Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U
In this work the concentrations of most elements are given in ppm and
some concentrations are given in wt% or ppb.
For the sake of unity the values given in either wt% or ppb where converted
to ppm. So all listed values are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:
ppm= wt% * 10000
ppm= ppb / 1000
Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995). “The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.” Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265. doi:10.1029/95rg00262.
A data set containing the composition of the Middle Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).
CC_Middle__Rudnick_Gao__2014CC_Middle__Rudnick_Gao__2014
A data frame with 1 row and 76 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production
In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given
in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or
ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted
to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other
elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6. Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.
A data set containing the composition of the Upper Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).
CC_Upper__Rudnick_Gao__2014CC_Upper__Rudnick_Gao__2014
A data frame with 1 row and 84 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, N, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production
In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given
in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or
ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted
to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other
elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.
A data set containing the composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by Taylor and McLennan (1995)
CC_Upper__Taylor_McLennan__1995CC_Upper__Taylor_McLennan__1995
A data frame with 1 row and 64 element concentrations in ppm. These elements are:
Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U
In this work the concentrations of most elements are given in ppm and
some concentrations are given in wt% or ppb.
For the sake of unity the values given in either wt% or ppb where converted
to ppm. So all listed values are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:
ppm= wt% * 10000
ppm= ppb / 1000
Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995). “The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.” Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265. doi:10.1029/95rg00262.
A data set containing the composition of the CI chondrite as given by McDonough and Sun (1995)
CI__McDonough_Sun__1995CI__McDonough_Sun__1995
A data frame with 1 row and 76 element concentrations in ppm:
Li, Be, B, C, N, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U
In the original work the concentrations of most of the major elements are given in
wt% and the concentrations of Nb and following are given in ppb.
For the sake of clarity these values where converted to ppm. So all values
given here are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:
ppm= wt% * 10000
ppm= ppb / 1000
McDonough WF, Sun SS (1995). “The composition of the Earth.” Chemical Geology, 120(3-4), 223–253. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.
A data set containing some decay constants regular used in earth science and geochronology.
decayConstantsdecayConstants
A data frame with 6 rows and the following
5 columns:
name of the radioactive isotope – element symbol and mass number
value it's value and
err uncertainty as given by the reference. Uncertainty may be NA if not stated.
unit of the decay – usually per year (y), in some cases per day (d)
refkey key to reference. Also makes the entry in this table unique if there is more than one decay constant per isotope
The following decay constants are included:
Ar37
Ar39
K40
Rb87
Some of them are included more than once in this table because their values changed over time.
Stoenner RW, Schaeffer OA, Katcoff S (1965). “Half-lives of argon-37, argon-39, and argon-42.” Science, 148(3675), 1325–1328. doi:10.1126/science.148.3675.1325.
Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977). “Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3), 359–362. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7.
Renne PR, Norman EB (2001). “Determination of the half-life of 37Ar by mass spectrometry.” Physical Review C, 63(4), 047302. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302.
Renne PR, Balco G, Ludwig KR, Mundil R, Min K (2011). “Response to the comment by W.H. Schwarz et al. on ”Joint determination of 40K decay constants and 40Ar*/40K for the Fish Canyon sanidine standard, and improved accuracy for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology” by P.R. Renne et al. (2010).” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(17), 5097–5100. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.021.
Villa IM, De Bièvre P, Holden NE, Renne PR (2015). “IUPAC-IUGS recommendation on the half life of 87Rb.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 164, 382–385. ISSN 0016-7037. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.025.
A data set containing the estimated composition of the Depleted Mantle as given by Salters and Stracke (2004).
DM__Salters_Stracke__2004DM__Salters_Stracke__2004
A list with 80 elements.
The data set contains the elements and their (modeled) values. Here is the table that also contains the units:
| Element | Model | Unit |
| H2O | 116.000 | ppm |
| He | 157.000 | ppt |
| Li | 0.700 | ppm |
| Be | 25.000 | ppb |
| B | 0.060 | ppm |
| CO2 | 50.300 | ppm |
| N2 | 40.000 | ppb |
| F | 11.000 | ppm |
| Ne | 30.700 | ppq |
| Na2O | 0.290 | wt% |
| MgO | 38.220 | wt% |
| Al2O3 | 4.280 | wt% |
| SiO2 | 44.900 | wt% |
| P | 40.700 | ppm |
| S | 119.000 | ppm |
| Cl | 0.510 | ppm |
| Ar | 1.210 | ppb |
| K | 60.000 | ppm |
| CaO | 3.500 | wt% |
| Sc | 16.300 | ppm |
| Ti | 798.000 | ppm |
| V | 79.000 | ppm |
| Cr | 2500.000 | ppm |
| Mn | 1045.000 | ppm |
| FeO | 8.070 | wt% |
| Co | 106.000 | ppm |
| Ni | 1960.000 | ppm |
| Cu | 30.000 | ppm |
| Zn | 56.000 | ppm |
| Ga | 3.200 | ppm |
| Ge | 1.000 | ppm |
| As | 7.400 | ppb |
| Se | 72.000 | ppb |
| Kr | 2.000 | ppq |
| Rb | 0.088 | ppm |
| Sr | 9.800 | ppm |
| Y | 4.070 | ppm |
| Zr | 7.940 | ppm |
| Nb | 210.000 | ppb |
| Mo | 25.000 | ppb |
| Ru | 5.700 | ppb |
| Rh | 1.000 | ppb |
| Pd | 5.200 | ppb |
| Ag | 6.000 | ppb |
| Cd | 0.014 | ppm |
| In | 12.200 | ppb |
| Sn | 0.100 | ppm |
| Sb | 2.600 | ppb |
| Te | 15.100 | ppb |
| Xe | 0.790 | ppq |
| Cs | 1.320 | ppb |
| Ba | 1.200 | ppm |
| La | 0.234 | ppm |
| Ce | 0.772 | ppm |
| Pr | 0.131 | ppm |
| Nd | 0.713 | ppm |
| Sm | 0.270 | ppm |
| Eu | 0.107 | ppm |
| Gd | 0.395 | ppm |
| Tb | 0.075 | ppm |
| Dy | 0.531 | ppm |
| Ho | 0.122 | ppm |
| Er | 0.371 | ppm |
| Tm | 0.060 | ppm |
| Yb | 0.401 | ppm |
| Lu | 0.063 | ppm |
| Hf | 0.199 | ppm |
| Ta | 13.800 | ppb |
| W | 3.500 | ppb |
| Re | 0.157 | ppb |
| Os | 2.990 | ppb |
| Ir | 2.900 | ppb |
| Pt | 6.200 | ppb |
| Au | 1.000 | ppb |
| Hg | 10.000 | ppb |
| Tl | 0.380 | ppb |
| Pb | 23.200 | ppb |
| Bi | 0.390 | ppb |
| Th | 13.700 | ppb |
| U | 4.700 | ppb |
Salters VJM, Stracke A (2004). “Composition of the depleted mantle.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 5(5). ISSN 1525-2027. doi:10.1029/2003gc000597.
A data set containing the element concentrations in the E-type MORB as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).
EMORB__Sun_McDounough__1989EMORB__Sun_McDounough__1989
A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu
Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.
The package includes reference data sets commonly used in
geosciences, such as the standard atomic weights of elements, a periodic
table, a mineral list, reservoir reference datasets (continental crust,
mantle, basalts, etc.), decay constants, and isotopic ratios frequently used
in geochronology. Additionally, the package provides functions for basic
queries of atomic weights and mineral lists.
All datasets have complete references, making them citable.
Gerald Schuberth
Cohen KM, Finney SC, Gibbard PL, Fan J (2013).
“The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart.”
Episodes, 36(3), 199–204.
doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002.
Updated, https://stratigraphy.org/.
Connelly NG, Damhus T, Hartshorn RM, Hutton AT (eds.) (2005).
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC recommendations 2005.
Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
ISBN 0854044388.
https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/redbook/.
Gale A, Dalton CA, Langmuir CH, Su Y, Schilling J (2013).
“The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts.”
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(3), 489–518.
doi:10.1029/2012GC004334.
Hiess J, Condon DJ, McLean N, Noble SR (2012).
“238U/235U systematics in terrestrial uranium-bearing minerals.”
Science, 335(6076), 1610–1614.
doi:10.1126/science.1215507.
Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, Gindulyte A, He J, He S, Li Q, Shoemaker BA, Thiessen PA, Yu B, Zaslavsky L, Zhang J, Bolton EE (2020).
“PubChem in 2021: new data content and improved web interfaces.”
Nucleic Acids Research, 49(D1), D1388–D1395.
doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa971.
Lafuente B, Downs RT, Yang H, Stone N (2015).
“The power of databases: The RRUFF project.”
In Armbruster T, Danisi RM (eds.), Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography, 1–30.
Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
doi:10.1515/9783110417104-003.
Lee J, Marti K, Severinghaus JP, Kawamura K, Yoo H, Lee JB, Kim JS (2006).
“A redetermination of the isotopic abundances of atmospheric Ar.”
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(17), 4507–4512.
ISSN 0016-7037.
doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1563.
Marshall CP, Fairbridge RW (eds.) (1999).
Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of earth sciences series.
Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Bosten, London.
ISBN 9780412755002.
McDonough WF, Sun SS (1995).
“The composition of the Earth.”
Chemical Geology, 120(3-4), 223–253.
doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022).
“PubChem Periodic Table of Elements.”
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/.
Retrieved February 28, 2022, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/.
Prohaska T, Irrgeher J, Benefield J, Böhlke JK, Chesson LA, Coplen TB, Ding T, Dunn PJH, Gröning M, Holden NE, Meijer HAJ, Moossen H, Possolo A, Takahashi Y, Vogl J, Walczyk T, Wang J, Wieser ME, Yoneda S, Zhu X, Meija J (2022).
“Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report).”
Technical Report 5, IUPAC.
doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.
Renne PR, Balco G, Ludwig KR, Mundil R, Min K (2011).
“Response to the comment by W.H. Schwarz et al. on ”Joint determination of 40K decay constants and 40Ar*/40K for the Fish Canyon sanidine standard, and improved accuracy for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology” by P.R. Renne et al. (2010).”
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(17), 5097–5100.
doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.021.
Renne PR, Norman EB (2001).
“Determination of the half-life of 37Ar by mass spectrometry.”
Physical Review C, 63(4), 047302.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302.
https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302.
Rollinson HR (1993).
Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation.
Longman Group UK.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003).
“Composition of the Continental Crust.”
In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64.
Elsevier.
doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014).
“Composition of the Continental Crust.”
In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51.
Elsevier, Oxford.
ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4.
doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6.
Salters VJM, Stracke A (2004).
“Composition of the depleted mantle.”
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 5(5).
ISSN 1525-2027.
doi:10.1029/2003gc000597.
Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977).
“Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology.”
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3), 359–362.
doi:10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7.
Stoenner RW, Schaeffer OA, Katcoff S (1965).
“Half-lives of argon-37, argon-39, and argon-42.”
Science, 148(3675), 1325–1328.
doi:10.1126/science.148.3675.1325.
Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989).
“Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.”
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345.
doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.
Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995).
“The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.”
Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265.
doi:10.1029/95rg00262.
Villa IM, De Bièvre P, Holden NE, Renne PR (2015).
“IUPAC-IUGS recommendation on the half life of 87Rb.”
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 164, 382–385.
ISSN 0016-7037.
doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.025.
Vrielynck B (2022).
“Colour Code according to the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).”
doi:10.14682/2022ICCCOLCODE.
https://ccgm.org/.
Warr LN (2021).
“IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols.”
Mineralogical Magazine, 1–30.
doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43.
A data set containing the color codes used by the International Chronostratigraphic Chart by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) (Cohen et al. 2013).
ICS_ColorsICS_Colors
A data frame with 194 rows and the following
11 columns:
ICS' ordering of this entry
Entries name prefixed by ics:
The (common) name of entry, e.g. 'Holocene'
Is the entry a System, Series, Stage, ...
Color's values in the CMYK color model
Color's values in the RGB color model
The coloring in this chart follows the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) (Vrielynck 2022).
Cohen KM, Finney SC, Gibbard PL, Fan J (2013). “The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart.” Episodes, 36(3), 199–204. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002. Updated, https://stratigraphy.org/.
Vrielynck B (2022). “Colour Code according to the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).” doi:10.14682/2022ICCCOLCODE. https://ccgm.org/.
icsColor() a convenience function to get a specific
color.
Retrieve the color code for a given name of an eontheme, eratheme, system, ... from the color codes of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.
icsColor(name, colorModel = "RGB")icsColor(name, colorModel = "RGB")
name |
character. The name of a unit: eontheme to stage |
colorModel |
character. The color model to get the color codes in – either 'RGB' (default) or 'CMYK'. |
list of the color code in the chosen color model
ICS_Colors for the full color code table
# Color codes of the Permian in RGB icsColor("Permian")# Color codes of the Permian in RGB icsColor("Permian")
A data set containing some isotopic ratios regular used in earth science
isoRatiosisoRatios
A data frame with 3 rows and the following
4 columns:
name of the isotopic ratio – twice the element symbol and mass number
value it's value and
err uncertainty as given by the reference. Uncertainty may be NA if
not stated.
refkey key to reference. Also makes the entry in this table unique if
there is more than one ratio for the isotopes
The following isotopic ratios are included:
Ar40Ar36
U238U235
Some of them are included more than once in this table because their values changed over time or are still under discussion.
Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977). “Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3), 359–362. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7.
Lee J, Marti K, Severinghaus JP, Kawamura K, Yoo H, Lee JB, Kim JS (2006). “A redetermination of the isotopic abundances of atmospheric Ar.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(17), 4507–4512. ISSN 0016-7037. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1563.
Hiess J, Condon DJ, McLean N, Noble SR (2012). “238U/235U systematics in terrestrial uranium-bearing minerals.” Science, 335(6076), 1610–1614. doi:10.1126/science.1215507.
A data set containing the standard atomic weights of the elements as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW).
IUPAC_StdAWIUPAC_StdAW
A data frame with 118 rows and the following
8 columns:
Element's name
Element's symbol
Element's atomic number. Elements are listed in increasing atomic number
Values of standard atomic weights are given as single values with uncertainties (column stdAW::Uncertainty) or as intervals.
of the Value of the standard atomic weight
Abridged atomic weights quoted to five significant figures. Unless such precision cannot be attained due to the variability of isotopic composition in normal materials or due to the limitations of the measurement capability.
A plus-minus-value as a simplified measure of the reliability of the abridged values.
The collected footnotes of the table. Notes are resolved to the
sentences associated with them. If there is more than one note, the notes are
separated by an newline (\n).
This is table 1 of (Prohaska et al. 2022). The (foot)notes in the table have been collected in a new column (Notes) and their abbreviations resolved into sentences.
(Prohaska et al. 2022)
aw() for a function to get the standard atomic weights of the elements found in this table by their symbols
IUPAC periodic table of elements online
CIAAW also a periodic table of elements online
CIAAW standard atomic weights online
List of rare earth elements and subsets thereof.
Lanthanides REE LREE MREE HREE REMLanthanides REE LREE MREE HREE REM
Lanthanides: character vector with 15 elements.
REE: character vector with 15 elements.
LREE: character vector with 4 elements.
MREE: character vector with 6 elements.
HREE: character vector with 4 elements.
REM: character vector with 17 elements.
The "Red Book" ( ) defines the
rare earth metals (REM) as Sc, Y and the lanthanides (La – Lu). In
geochemistry, the term "rare earth elements" is generally limited to the
lanthanides – e.g. (Rollinson 1993, 1999).
Therefore, it is crucial to consider the context in which this term is
used.
A distinction is made here between rare earth metals (REM) and
rare earth elements (REE). The latter are the lanthanides as they are
commonly used in geochemistry. Speaking in sets, the REE are a subset of
the REM. And all subsets of the REE are also limited to the lanthanides.
Lanthanides La–Lu ( ).
REE Same as Lanthanides. The term rare earth elements as used in geochemistry – e.g (Rollinson 1993, 1999).
LREE Light REE, La–Nd
MREE Intermediate REE, Sm–Ho
HREE Heavy REE, Er–Lu
REM Rare earth metals. Sc, Y and the lanthanides ( )
Rollinson HR (1993). Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Group UK.
Marshall CP, Fairbridge RW (eds.) (1999). Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of earth sciences series. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Bosten, London. ISBN 9780412755002.
Connelly NG, Damhus T, Hartshorn RM, Hutton AT (eds.) (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC recommendations 2005. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. ISBN 0854044388. https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/redbook/.
# get information from the periodic table of elements subset(pte, Symbol %in% REE)# get information from the periodic table of elements subset(pte, Symbol %in% REE)
Sets containing the elements classified after Goldschmidt.
Lithophile Chalcophile Siderophile AtmophileLithophile Chalcophile Siderophile Atmophile
Lithophile: character vector with 46 elements.
Chalcophile: character vector with 15 elements.
Siderophile: character vector with 15 elements.
Atmophile: character vector with 10 elements.
The geochemical behavior of the elements is controlled by many factors (e.g. ionic radius, volatility, redox, ...). Therefore, the elements can be classified in several ways. A common classification scheme is that developed by V. M. Goldschmidt, which is based on the affinity of elements to form different types of compounds. The Elements are characterized as:
lithophile (rock-loving): elements with a strong affinity for forming oxides and silicate minerals.
chalcophile (copper-loving): elements with a strong affinity for forming sulfides.
siderophile (iron-loving): elements with a strong affinity to form metals or solid solutions in metals.
atmophile (air-loving): elements that exist either uncombined or as highly volatile compounds.
Marshall CP, Fairbridge RW (eds.) (1999). Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of earth sciences series. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Bosten, London. ISBN 9780412755002.
# List the atmophile elements Atmophile # Show the electron configuration of the atmophile elements pte[pte$Symbol %in% Atmophile, c("Symbol", "ElectronConfiguration")]# List the atmophile elements Atmophile # Show the electron configuration of the atmophile elements pte[pte$Symbol %in% Atmophile, c("Symbol", "ElectronConfiguration")]
International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) approved list of minerals, names and abbreviations (Warr 2021).
minsmins
A data frame with 5744 minerals with the following columns: Symbol, Name, Formula, IMA Status.
This list is based on the supplementary material of
Warr (2021). Some minor harmonizations have
been made in this list as some inconsistencies were found. In addition to
minerals, this list also includes groups such as amphibole, biotite, pyroxene
... and their abbreviations.
The list has the following attributes:
Symbol: IMA symbol/abbreviation
Name: IMA name of the mineral
Formula: IMA mineral formula
IMA Status:
A: Approved
G: Grandfathered
GROUP: Name of a group of mineral species
Rd: Redefined
Rn: Renamed
Q: Questioned
I: Informal
NL: Not listed
An up-to-date list of IMA approved minerals can be downloaded from
RRUFF (Lafuente et al. 2015). However,
this list only includes minerals and not groups.
Warr LN (2021). “IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols.” Mineralogical Magazine, 1–30. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43.
Lafuente B, Downs RT, Yang H, Stone N (2015). “The power of databases: The RRUFF project.” In Armbruster T, Danisi RM (eds.), Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography, 1–30. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. doi:10.1515/9783110417104-003.
IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols: Paper and supplementary material, (Warr 2021)
IMA approved minerals on RRUFF
Searches for minerals by their names and symbols using a regular expression. By default cases are ignored.
minSearch(pattern, ignore.case = TRUE)minSearch(pattern, ignore.case = TRUE)
pattern |
regular expression for the mineral to search |
ignore.case |
switch case insensitivity on (default) or off |
data.frame of minerals where the given pattern matches.
List of minerals, minsForChemistry()
minSearch('alm') minSearch('Pyh$', ignore.case = FALSE)minSearch('alm') minSearch('Pyh$', ignore.case = FALSE)
Searches for minerals by their chemistry using a regular expression.
minsForChemistry(pattern, ignore.case = FALSE)minsForChemistry(pattern, ignore.case = FALSE)
pattern |
regular expression for the chemistry |
ignore.case |
switch case insensitivity on or off (default) |
data.frame of minerals where the given pattern matches.
minsForChemistry('Mn.*\\(SiO4\\)$')minsForChemistry('Mn.*\\(SiO4\\)$')
A data set containing the element concentrations in the N-type MORB as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).
NMORB__Sun_McDounough__1989NMORB__Sun_McDounough__1989
A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu
Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.
A data set containing the element concentrations in the OIB as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).
OIB__Sun_McDounough__1989OIB__Sun_McDounough__1989
A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu
Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.
List of platinum group elements and subsets thereof.
PGE IPGE PPGEPGE IPGE PPGE
PGE: character vector with 6 elements.
IPGE: character vector with 3 elements.
PPGE: character vector with 3 elements.
Ru-Pd and Os-Pt: in chemistry, this group is referred to as the platinum
metals. Since the 1960 geologists are using the term "platinum-group
elements" (PGE) ( ). In
geochemistry, this group is further divided into two subgroups: Ir-PGE and
Pd-PGE ( ) with Au often added to the
latter (Rollinson 1993).
PGE Platinum-group elements – e.g. ( ).
IPGE, PPGE Ir-PGE and Pd-PGE – (Rollinson 1993, 1999);
Rollinson HR (1993). Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Group UK.
Marshall CP, Fairbridge RW (eds.) (1999). Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of earth sciences series. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Bosten, London. ISBN 9780412755002.
Connelly NG, Damhus T, Hartshorn RM, Hutton AT (eds.) (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC recommendations 2005. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. ISBN 0854044388. https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/redbook/.
# get information from the periodic table of elements subset(pte, Symbol %in% PGE)# get information from the periodic table of elements subset(pte, Symbol %in% PGE)
A data set containing the element concentrations in the primitive mantle as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).
PM__Sun_McDounough__1989PM__Sun_McDounough__1989
A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu
For lead and cesium the recommended (in this work) values for mantel-normalizing diagrams where used. The original values that where given in Tbl.1 are (Cs, 0.032) and (Pb, 0.185).
Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.
The periodic table of elements as given by PubChem National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022).
ptepte
A data frame with 118 rows and 17 columns.
For each element the following attributes are reported:
AtomicNumber, Symbol, Name, AtomicMass, CPKHexColor, ElectronConfiguration, Electronegativity, AtomicRadius, IonizationEnergy, ElectronAffinity, OxidationStates, StandardState, MeltingPoint, BoilingPoint, Density, GroupBlock, YearDiscovered
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). “PubChem Periodic Table of Elements.” https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/. Retrieved February 28, 2022, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/.
Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, Gindulyte A, He J, He S, Li Q, Shoemaker BA, Thiessen PA, Yu B, Zaslavsky L, Zhang J, Bolton EE (2020). “PubChem in 2021: new data content and improved web interfaces.” Nucleic Acids Research, 49(D1), D1388–D1395. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa971.
IUPAC_StdAW for the standard atomic weights of the elements recommended by IUPAC
A data set containing the recommended chemical composition of the of the Silicate Earth-”Pyrolite” as given by McDonough and Sun (1995)
Pyrolite__McDonough_Sun__1995Pyrolite__McDonough_Sun__1995
A data frame with 1 row and 76 element concentrations in ppm:
Li, Be, B, C, N, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U
In the article the concentrations of most of the major elements are given in
wt% and the concentrations of Nb and following are given in ppb.
For the sake of clarity these values where converted to ppm: So all values
given here are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:
ppm= wt% * 10000
ppm= ppb / 1000
McDonough WF, Sun SS (1995). “The composition of the Earth.” Chemical Geology, 120(3-4), 223–253. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.